A new study has raised concerns about the potential mental health consequences of low-calorie diets, highlighting a possible correlation between these eating patterns and increased depressive symptoms. Published in the BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health journal, the research analyzed data from nearly 29,000 adults who reported their dietary habits and completed a mental health questionnaire. The findings indicate that those who adhered to calorie-restrictive diets, especially overweight individuals, experienced a notable rise in the severity of depressive symptoms.
Researchers emphasize the need for more nuanced dietary recommendations that consider individual factors like body mass index (BMI) and gender, rather than promoting one-size-fits-all weight-loss approaches. While the study found that people following nutrient-restricted diets saw a larger increase in symptoms, other factors such as gender and diet type also played a role. Men, for instance, reported higher somatic symptom scores compared to non-dieters, suggesting that the psychological impact of dieting may vary significantly across demographics.
Experts like Judith S. Beck, PhD, president of the Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy, have called attention to the importance of distinguishing between correlation and causation in such studies. Beck, who was not involved in the research, noted that while the study established an association between low-calorie diets and depression, it does not prove that one causes the other. Instead, she cautioned that many other cognitive, emotional, and behavioral factors could contribute to depressive symptoms, and further research would be needed to understand these connections more clearly.
Certified holistic nutritionist Robin DeCicco of New York City has also voiced her concerns about the long-term effects of fad diets and the importance of nutrient-dense foods for mental well-being. DeCicco highlighted that many Americans struggle with weight management, with 70% of U.S. adults classified as overweight or obese, according to the CDC. She recommended reducing the consumption of sugary drinks and processed foods, while incorporating more whole, nutrient-rich foods like lean protein, vegetables, fruits, and nuts into daily meals. DeCicco warned against following restrictive diets without understanding their nutritional impact, as they can lead to a deficiency in essential nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids, which are known to support brain health and mood regulation.
The quality of calories, rather than just the quantity, was emphasized as an important factor in both weight management and mental health. DeCicco explained that cutting out fats — even when they are high in calories — can result in the loss of crucial nutrients that contribute to brain function and emotional stability. She advised individuals, particularly those with a history of cognitive decline or depression, to focus on foods that support mental and physical health, while also considering cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as a complementary approach to improve long-term dietary habits and overall well-being.
While the study underscores the need for more personalized dietary strategies, its authors caution against drawing definitive conclusions about the causal relationship between low-calorie diets and depression. The research serves as a call to action for both healthcare professionals and dietary guides to consider the broader mental health implications of different eating patterns and to encourage more holistic, scientifically supported approaches to nutrition and mental well-being.