Recent archaeological discoveries in southern Jordan have brought to light the long-lost Byzantine settlement of Tharais, offering new perspectives on the history of Christianity in the Middle East. Musallam R. Al-Rawahneh, an associate professor of archaeology at Mu’tah University in Jordan, has been at the forefront of this groundbreaking research, publishing his findings in the academic journal Gephyra. His study, which has the potential to reshape historical narratives, centers around the identification of Tharais through the enigmatic Madaba Map, a mosaic that has puzzled historians for centuries.
Located in the vicinity of the Jordanian village of El-ʿIrāq, Tharais was strategically positioned along vital trade routes connecting the Southeastern Dead Sea region. The discovery of the site has uncovered a multitude of artifacts, including pottery shards, stone tools, and glass remnants. Among the most significant finds were fossils, which provide additional insight into the environmental and climatic conditions of the area during the Byzantine period. The settlement, which was abandoned by the 7th century, also included a basilica-style church with mosaic floor fragments typical of Byzantine Christian sites.
Al-Rawahneh’s team identified various inscriptions that are believed to be connected to ancient funerary practices. These inscriptions, which require further study, may contain Christian imagery and references, offering a glimpse into the religious life of the time. The reasons for Tharais’ abandonment are still under investigation, with possible factors including changes in trade routes, earthquakes, and environmental changes. The transition from Byzantine to Islamic control in the seventh century is also considered a contributing factor to its abandonment.
As part of their ongoing research, Al-Rawahneh and his team are conducting surveys of surrounding areas and performing additional analysis of the artifacts. The goal is to enhance the understanding of Tharais and its significance within the broader context of Byzantine archaeology in Jordan. These findings not only add to the existing body of knowledge about the Byzantine Empire but also connect with other recent discoveries, such as a 1,600-year-old Byzantine mosaic in Israel and a Byzantine tomb complex in Syria, showcasing the enduring fascination with this historical period.