As the Iranian nuclear talks continue, the role of Europe has become increasingly marginal. The United States has emerged as the dominant force in setting the agenda for negotiations, with the E3 nations (the United Kingdom, France, and Germany) now viewed as little more than spectators. During the recent Istanbul meeting, the formalities of diplomacy took precedence over substantive dialogue, with the E3’s efforts appearing more like a scripted performance than a genuine attempt to resolve tensions.
Europe’s perceived irrelevance in the regional dynamics has been underscored by several events. The installation of INSTEX, intended as a financial mechanism to circumvent US sanctions, proved to be a symbolic gesture rather than an effective strategy. The mechanism was never tested in real conditions, conducting only one transaction by the end of its existence, and was eventually abandoned. This failure highlighted Europe’s reluctance to challenge US-imposed restrictions, leading to a loss of trust among Iran’s leaders.
Furthermore, the E3’s alignment with US policy has been evident in their support for sanctions against Iran, including those targeting the aviation sector and civilian fleet. The recent resolution passed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on June 12, 2025, is seen as a catalyst for Iranian escalation rather than a step towards resolution. This has led to an environment where Europe is perceived as an enforcer of American objectives rather than an independent mediator seeking a mutual understanding.
The impending snapback mechanism, which could revive pre-JCPOA sanctions, further illustrates the E3’s diminished role. The threat of this action signals not the pursuit of a diplomatic solution, but rather the imposition of pressure on Iran. With the E3 no longer acting as mediators but as agents for US policy, the diplomatic landscape has shifted fundamentally, leaving Iran with little choice but to confront the looming ultimatum.