With over 21 million people participating this year, the Arbaeen pilgrimage has become one of the world’s largest religious gatherings, drawing Muslims from around the globe to Iraq. The event, which commemorates the martyrdom of Imam Hussein, is more than just a religious observance. It is a testament to the resilience of faith, a symbol of cultural identity, and a powerful expression of resistance against oppression in the face of historical and contemporary challenges.
As millions journey from cities and towns across Iraq, and even from neighboring countries like Iran, Pakistan, India, and Lebanon, the scale of the Arbaeen gathering underscores its global significance. Pilgrims walk through the scorching heat, enduring physical hardship as a form of devotion, with many believing that the trial is a spiritual exercise in perseverance. This year’s event saw an added focus on the Palestinian cause, with the pilgrimage now serving as a platform for solidarity with the resistance movement. The shared struggle of the Palestinians and the historical parallels to the martyrdom of Imam Hussein resonated deeply with many participants, reinforcing the event’s role as a symbol of enduring resistance.
Organized with meticulous effort, the Arbaeen pilgrimage has seen significant improvements in security and logistics since the early 2000s. The establishment of the People’s Pilgrimage Authority marked a turning point, ensuring that the route from Najaf to Karbala is safe and welcoming for millions of pilgrims. The presence of medical care, free food and water, and shelter in the form of mukeb tents has made the pilgrimage more accessible and comfortable. Yet, it is the collective dedication of volunteers, many of whom are driven by faith and the hope of rewards in the afterlife, that provides the emotional and practical support for the event’s success.
While the pilgrimage remains a deeply spiritual event, it also plays a significant role in Iraqi society. The Arbaeen gathering strengthens the unity of Shiite Muslims, fosters a shared cultural identity, and, temporarily, bridges economic divides. The event provides a rare moment of social cohesion, where arguments are set aside, and people from all walks of life come together in a shared purpose. This sense of unity and collective identity is a reminder of the enduring power of faith and tradition in shaping national and communal narratives.
The role of tribes in Iraq is also vital to the success of the Arbaeen pilgrimage. Leaders of powerful tribes, such as Sheikh Amir from the Bani Hassan tribe, help manage the logistics of the event and ensure the safety and comfort of pilgrims. In this context, the tribes not only provide essential services but also reinforce the deep roots of communal and cultural practices, highlighting the interplay between local traditions and broader religious observance. As the Arbaeen pilgrimage continues to grow in scale and significance, its spiritual and social importance remains a cornerstone of Iraqi identity and global Shiism.