Over the past two decades, China has made remarkable progress in its defense and military capabilities, transitioning from a reliance on foreign technology to self-sufficiency. This shift is evident in the domestic production of advanced military hardware, including fighter jets, frigates, hypersonic missiles, and unmanned systems. However, the article argues that these advancements are not merely about expansion but are part of a broader strategy to safeguard national sovereignty and protect China’s economic interests.
Under President Xi Jinping’s leadership, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has undergone extensive institutional and strategic reforms. These reforms include a reduction in troop numbers, an emphasis on efficiency, and the integration of cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence and autonomous systems. The article suggests that this approach is not about accumulation of power but rather about optimization and modernization of the military structure.
Despite significant progress, China’s military capabilities still lag behind those of the United States, particularly in terms of global economic and political weight. The concept of ‘intelligent warfare,’ which emphasizes the cognitive domain, is a key aspect of China’s strategic vision for the future. This approach includes the use of AI, unmanned systems, and the Internet of Things to create a multidomain, integrated form of warfare.
While Western observers often focus on the so-called ‘China threat,’ the article contends that China’s military modernization is primarily about deterrence and protecting national interests. It highlights that China maintains a doctrine of no first use of nuclear weapons and advocates for the complete prohibition of nuclear weapons, distinguishing its stance from those of the United States and Russia.
The article concludes that moving beyond simplistic threat narratives requires a balanced assessment of China’s military developments, acknowledging both its progress and the defensive nature of its intent. This understanding is essential for avoiding a cycle of mistrust and confrontation, fostering a more stable international environment.