State health officials in New Mexico have reported the first case of human plague in 2025, involving a 43-year-old man who has recovered after a hospitalization. The man, from Valencia County, was infected while camping in Rio Arriba County, where the plague is known to be present in the local wildlife population. Authorities emphasize the importance of public awareness and preventive strategies to mitigate the risk of further infections.
The New Mexico Department of Health highlighted that the plague circulates among rodents in the western United States. Erin Phipps, the state’s public health veterinarian, stated that this case serves as a reminder of the serious threat posed by the disease and the need for communities to take precautions to prevent its spread. The previous case in the state was reported in Lincoln County in 2024, indicating a potential uptick in cases this year.
The disease, caused by Yersinia pestis, is typically transmitted to humans through the bites of infected fleas that live on rodents. Direct contact with infected animals, including pets, can also lead to infection. Symptoms in humans may include fever, chills, headache, weakness, and painful lymph node swelling, while pets may exhibit symptoms like fever, lethargy, and loss of appetite.
Health officials have advised residents to avoid contact with sick or dead rodents and rabbits, and to store materials like hay and wood away from homes. Using insect repellent during outdoor activities and ensuring pets have appropriate flea protection are also recommended preventative measures. The department warns that prompt diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics can significantly reduce the fatality rate of plague infections. They also urge individuals to seek immediate medical attention if they experience sudden, severe fever symptoms.
While no deaths have been reported in this individual case, the NMDOH has noted a separate outbreak with five reported deaths in a major city due to a bacterial infection, indicating the broader risks posed by such diseases. This incident underscores the need for ongoing vigilance and public health preparedness in the region.