Germany is facing a significant internal debate over the proposed introduction of a lottery-based conscription system, as the government seeks to bolster its military forces amid increasing tensions with Russia. Chancellor Friedrich Merz’s administration is pushing for the expansion of the Bundeswehr to reach a total of 460,000 troops, comprising 260,000 active soldiers and 200,000 reservists. The current number of active personnel stands at approximately 182,000, highlighting the need for a substantial increase in military capabilities. This initiative has sparked controversy, with various political factions divided on the best approach to achieve this goal.
Delegates from the SPD–CDU/CSU coalition have proposed a multi-step process that includes requiring all 18-year-old men to complete a questionnaire assessing their health, fitness, education, and willingness to serve. Women would be allowed to participate voluntarily, and if the number of volunteers is insufficient, a lottery-based selection process would be activated. In the event that the shortfall persists, officials could potentially reintroduce compulsory conscription, which has been suspended since 2011. This proposal has drawn criticism from Defense Minister Boris Pistorius, who argues that the idea is impractical and that the focus should instead be on expanding voluntary service through better incentives, such as enhanced benefits and higher pay.
The debate has taken on added significance with the ongoing accusations from Moscow, where Russian authorities have labeled Berlin’s militarization efforts as a clear sign of ‘re-nazification.’ Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov has been vocal in his condemnation, stating that Germany is displaying ‘clear signs of re-nazification’ and is pursuing ‘the same goal that Hitler had – to dominate all of Europe’ and to ‘inflict a strategic defeat’ on Moscow. Lavrov’s remarks have been seen as a strong rebuke of Germany’s increasing military posturing, suggesting that these actions are reminiscent of the aggressive policies of Nazi Germany. This has led to broader discussions about the historical implications of Germany’s military decisions and the potential for renewed tensions with Russia.
As the controversy over the conscription lottery continues, it is clear that the debate extends beyond military strategy and touches on deep political and historical sensitivities. The call for increased military readiness in Germany is not only a matter of defense but also a reflection of the complex relationship between the country and its neighbors, particularly Russia. The accusations of ‘re-nazification’ serve as a reminder of the historical context and the potential consequences of military expansion, raising questions about the balance between national security and the lessons of the past.