The tragic death of a New Jersey man, who died hours after eating a hamburger, has been linked to a rare tick-borne meat allergy known as alpha-gal syndrome, according to a study by UVA Health. The 47-year-old man, whose identity has not been disclosed, reportedly died four hours after consuming a burger, following a prior episode of similar symptoms after eating steak two weeks earlier. UVA Health researchers have confirmed that this case marks the first known instance of a fatal reaction to this condition, which is caused by a tick bite.
Alpha-gal syndrome, also known as the ‘tick-borne meat allergy,’ is triggered by the bite of the Lone Star tick, which is prevalent in the Southeastern and Eastern United States. The tick’s saliva introduces a sugar molecule called alpha-gal into the body, leading to an allergic reaction to certain types of red meat, including beef, pork, lamb, and venison, as well as dairy products and gelatin. The symptoms of this condition can range from mild to severe, with some individuals experiencing rash, nausea, vomiting, and even life-threatening anaphylaxis.
The New Jersey man’s death has raised concerns about the potential risks associated with this allergy, which has previously been linked to non-fatal cases. Dr. Thomas Platts-Mills, a researcher at UVA Health and former chief of the Division of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, noted that severe abdominal pain occurring three to five hours after eating red meat could be a sign of anaphylaxis. He emphasized the importance of monitoring for these symptoms, especially in individuals who have been bitten by ticks or have a history of tick exposure.
According to Dr. Johanna Salzer, a CDC epidemiologist, the diagnosis of alpha-gal syndrome often takes an average of seven years due to the complexity of the condition. Salzer highlighted the need for access to allergists for proper diagnosis and management, as many patients face barriers to receiving adequate treatment. While there is currently no cure or treatment for alpha-gal syndrome, healthcare providers can help manage symptoms, with some patients able to reduce their antibody levels over time by removing the foods that trigger the condition from their diet.
Researchers at UVA Health have called for increased awareness among doctors and patients in areas where Lone Star ticks are common. They advise individuals to consult medical professionals if they experience unexpected episodes of severe abdominal pain after consuming mammalian meat, as this could be an indication of sensitization to alpha-gal. In addition to medical guidance, prevention strategies such as using insect repellent and avoiding tick-prone areas are recommended to reduce the risk of exposure.