A New Jersey man’s death has been confirmed as the first known fatality linked to alpha-gal syndrome, a tick-borne red meat allergy. The man, 47, reportedly died four hours after eating a hamburger and just two weeks after experiencing severe symptoms from steak. UVA Health researchers, including Dr. Thomas Platts-Mills, confirmed the fatality in a press release, noting that the man’s death was initially reported as sudden unexplained death but was later attributed to anaphylaxis after a fatal allergic reaction.
Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS), also known as ‘red-meat allergy’ or the ‘tick bite meat allergy’, is caused by the Lone Star tick’s saliva, which introduces the alpha-gal sugar molecule into the bloodstream. This can trigger severe allergic reactions to red meats like beef, pork, lamb, and venison, as well as dairy products. The condition, which affects millions in the U.S., has no cure, but symptoms can be managed through dietary changes and medical interventions such as EpiPens for severe cases.
The incident underscores the importance of early diagnosis and awareness, as many patients face a long path to diagnosis—on average seven years, according to CDC epidemiologist Dr. Johanna Salzer. Patients with AGS may need to avoid trigger foods for life, though some may see a reduction in symptoms over time if they eliminate the allergens from their diet. Researchers emphasize the need for better access to allergists and public education on tick prevention, particularly in regions where the Lone Star tick is prevalent.
Dr. Platts-Mills, former chief of UVA Health’s Division of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, warned in the press release that severe abdominal pain occurring three to five hours after eating beef, pork, or lamb should be investigated as a possible episode of anaphylaxis. He also noted that tick bites that itch for more than a week can ‘induce or increase sensitization to mammalian-derived meat.’
Researchers emphasize the importance of public awareness, with Dr. Salzer adding that many patients face significant delays in diagnosis. ‘For many people, there are barriers to get that level of treatment,’ she said. ‘And to get diagnosed, they have to have access to an allergist.’ The condition is particularly concerning due to its potential to cause severe and life-threatening allergic reactions, which can lead to anaphylactic shock.
Experts recommend preventive measures such as using EPA-approved insect repellent containing DEET, picaridin, IR3535, Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus (OLE), para-menthane-diol (PMD), or 2-undecanone when in areas where tick bites are common. Wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and socks, and avoiding grassy, brushy, and wooded areas can also help prevent bites. When returning from such areas, individuals should shower and conduct a thorough check to ensure no ticks are remaining on their bodies.
While there is no known treatment or cure for AGS, physicians can help manage symptoms depending on the individual’s reaction. For those with more severe cases, such as the New Jersey man, EpiPens are recommended to address potential anaphylactic shock. Doctors and patients in regions where the Lone Star tick is common are urged to be aware of the risk and seek medical attention if they experience unexpected episodes of severe abdominal pain after consuming red meat.