Medical experts have confirmed that type 5 diabetes, known as malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus (MRDM), is a unique form of the disease that requires its own treatment approach. Researchers have identified MRDM as a separate condition from other types, emphasizing the need for tailored interventions that focus on nutritional rehabilitation and precise insulin regulation. This new classification is based on the recognition that chronic undernutrition and health disparities are significant factors in the development of the condition.
According to the latest data, nearly 39 million American adults are currently living with diabetes, with 90% to 95% of cases being type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes, although making up only 5% to 10% of cases, is also well-known. However, researchers now claim that MRDM warrants its own designation and treatment. This lesser-known variation, which is associated with long-term malnutrition and health disparities, is gaining attention due to its unique symptoms and the potential for specialized care.
Type 2 diabetes, which is more common among adults but can also occur in children, is linked to factors such as family history, age, obesity, and unhealthy lifestyle choices, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Dr. Jeffrey Hockings, founder and CEO of Diabetes Reversal Group in Texas, explained that type 2 diabetes results from insulin resistance caused by prolonged consumption of high-sugar and high-carbohydrate diets. This leads to high blood sugar levels, which require oral medications or insulin to manage. However, he noted that type 2 diabetes is reversible with proper lifestyle changes, such as adopting a healthier diet and increasing physical activity.
Type 1 diabetes is a metabolic condition where the body either resists insulin or does not produce enough of it, according to the CDC. This condition is not reversible and requires lifelong insulin therapy, either through daily injections or an insulin pump. Dr. Hockings noted that while type 1 diabetes is typically diagnosed in children, teens, and young adults, it can also affect adults. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) states that type 5 diabetes, or MRDM, is caused by chronic undernutrition and health disparities, leading to significant weight loss, fatigue, and an increased risk of infections. Common symptoms include frequent urination, excessive thirst, and a heightened vulnerability to infections.
Dr. Tanya Freirich, a registered dietitian nutritionist specializing in diabetes, emphasized that individuals with type 5 diabetes do not share the same insulin resistance as those with type 2 diabetes. Instead, they may have a reduced ability to produce insulin due to long-term malnutrition. She also noted that the distinct biological mechanisms and unique clinical presentation of type 5 diabetes justify its separate classification. Although the condition has been formally classified as type 5 diabetes at international meetings in India and Bangkok, it has not yet been officially recognized by the American Diabetes Association or the World Health Organization.
Diagnosis of type 5 diabetes involves assessing a history of malnutrition, low BMI, and age under 30 at diagnosis, according to Dr. Hockings. Blood glucose tests are used to confirm the disease. Treatment focuses on nutritional rehabilitation to correct deficiencies and improve pancreatic function. While some individuals may require insulin, the dosage must be carefully controlled to avoid dangerously low blood sugar levels. Oral medications and a high-protein diet are also part of the management plan. Freirich highlighted the importance of addressing the metabolic differences found in type 5 diabetes, such as the increased risk of low blood sugars in these patients. She emphasized that an appropriate diet can help address malnutrition and ensure that blood sugar levels remain within the optimal range.
Despite the growing recognition of type 5 diabetes, there is still debate within the medical community about whether it warrants its own separate category. Dr. Bronwyn Holmes, a board-certified physician on Eden’s Medical Advisory Board, argued that the distinct biological mechanisms and public health significance of type 5 diabetes justify its separate classification. However, the condition remains unrecognized by major health organizations, which underscores the need for further research and validation. Individuals experiencing symptoms of type 5 diabetes or any form of the disease should consult a qualified healthcare professional to receive testing, diagnosis, and a personalized treatment plan.