A groundbreaking study published in JAMA Oncology has revealed that GLP-1 medications, commonly used for weight loss and diabetes management, are associated with a reduced risk of various cancers, particularly in women. Researchers from Indiana University and the University of Florida analyzed health records of over 86,600 adults with obesity who were prescribed GLP-1s, comparing their cancer rates to non-users. The results indicated a significantly lower overall cancer risk among GLP-1 users. However, the study also found an increased risk of kidney cancer, underscoring the importance of further research to understand the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications of these findings. Notably, the benefits were most pronounced for endometrial, ovarian, and meningioma cancers, which are often linked to obesity.
Dr. Brian Slomovitz, a gynecologic oncologist at Mount Sinai Medical Center, commented on the findings, noting that obesity-driven cancers like endometrial and ovarian cancers are particularly responsive to the metabolic changes brought about by GLP-1s. He emphasized that these drugs could be transformative if proven effective in reducing cancer risk, comparing their potential to other breakthroughs in medicine. However, Slomovitz stressed the need for long-term studies to confirm these benefits and to better understand the mechanisms behind the reduced cancer risk.
The study, which utilized health data from 2014 to 2024, highlighted the significant impact of weight loss on cancer risk. By reducing obesity, these medications may lower estrogen production and inflammation, which are known contributors to several cancers. Although Slomovitz is not currently prescribing GLP-1s to his patients, he strongly recommends them, particularly for those who have overcome cancer and are at risk of complications due to obesity, diabetes, or heart disease. He also advocates for close monitoring by healthcare professionals to manage potential side effects such as nausea and pancreatitis.
Looking ahead, researchers are exploring how GLP-1s might further benefit cancer survivors, potentially reducing recurrence risks. Additionally, there is growing interest in their role in managing hormonal conditions like polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which could help alleviate obesity and infertility. Patients report feeling more motivated to adopt healthier lifestyles after starting GLP-1s, which can lead to improved mental health and quality of life. Slomovitz concluded that GLP-1s are set to have a lasting impact on patient care, with future research promising even greater benefits.