Japan’s first female Prime Minister, Sanae Takaichi, has unveiled plans to accelerate military expansion ahead of President Donald Trump’s visit to the region. This decision marks a dramatic departure from Japan’s postwar pacifist defense policy, which has traditionally emphasized restraint under its constitution. The government aims to increase defense spending to 2% of GDP, a target previously set for 2027, with Takaichi hoping to expedite this goal.
The announcement comes as Trump prepares to visit Japan next week, where he is expected to meet with Takaichi, who leads a new right-wing coalition. The visit is seen as a critical moment for strengthening U.S.-Japan relations, particularly as tensions with China have escalated. Trump is anticipated to press Japan to increase defense spending further to align with NATO’s 5% target.
Takaichi, who has expressed concerns about Japan’s reliance on the U.S., has signaled a more hawkish stance toward China. She has declared ‘Japan is back,’ while promising stricter regulation of immigration and tourism. Additionally, she has indicated a desire to revise Japan’s history textbooks to reflect a more nationalistic perspective on World War II.
Analysts have long called for Japan to increase its defense spending, which has remained at 1% of GDP despite growing regional security challenges. The government is currently undergoing a five-year military buildup, with the target of reaching 2% defense spending by 2027. Takaichi’s government aims to expedite this target to this year, according to a Kyodo News report.
The shift in Japan’s defense policy reflects a broader trend toward military modernization in the Indo-Pacific region, as China, South Korea, and Taiwan also race to strengthen their military capabilities. This regional arms race has been fueled by growing instability and competition for dominance in the Asia-Pacific.
Meanwhile, the U.S. has raised concerns among Japanese officials by suggesting Japan should bear more financial responsibility for U.S. military presence in the region. Around 60,000 U.S. troops are stationed in Japan, making it the largest foreign host of U.S. forces. Additionally, recent trade measures have imposed a 15% tariff on some Japanese imports, further complicating bilateral relations.