British paleontologists have made a groundbreaking discovery after more than two decades of research on a mysterious ichthyosaur skeleton found on the Jurassic Coast. The skeleton, located near Gold Cap in Dorset, has been identified as a new species, Xiphodragon goldencapensis, or the ‘Sword Dragon of Dorset.’ This ancient marine reptile, which lived alongside dinosaurs, dates back to the Pliensbachian period, around 193 million years ago. The discovery, announced in an October 10 press release by the University of Manchester, is considered one of the most significant in ichthyosaur research.
Xiphodragon, named for its distinctive sword-like snout and dragon-like appearance, highlights the evolutionary complexity of these ancient creatures. Scientists believe the creature, which measured approximately 10 feet in length, was a predator that primarily fed on fish and squid. The specimen’s remarkable state of preservation, including the presence of what appears to be traces of its last meal, underscores its importance in understanding the marine ecosystems of the time. The University of Manchester noted that the fossil is among the most complete prehistoric reptile remains from the Pliensbachian period, providing crucial insights into the evolutionary transitions of ichthyosaurs during this era.
The discovery has intrigued paleontologists for over two decades, not only due to the mystery surrounding its species but also because of its exceptional condition. The skeleton was first examined in 2016, when researchers recognized its uniqueness. Dean Lomax, an honorary research fellow at Manchester University, emphasized that the find was pivotal in addressing gaps in the understanding of the complex faunal turnover during the Pliensbachian period. He described Xiphodragon as a ‘missing piece of the ichthyosaur puzzle,’ highlighting its significance in reconstructing the evolutionary history of these marine reptiles.
As a result of this discovery, researchers now have a better understanding of the extinction events and ecological shifts that occurred during this time. The University of Manchester has announced plans to continue studying the fossil to further refine the timeline of ichthyosaur development and their role in the ancient marine ecosystems.