South Korean scientists have developed ultra-thin fabric muscles that could transform everyday clothing into functional assistive robots. The innovation, created by researchers at the Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), uses an automated weaving system to produce shape-memory alloy coils as thin as a hair strand. These fabric muscles can lift approximately 33 pounds but weigh less than half an ounce, making them lightweight, flexible, and strong enough to power next-generation wearable robotics.
The advancement represents a significant leap from previous wearable robot designs reliant on bulky motors or pneumatic systems, which limited mobility. KIMM’s novel approach replaces traditional metal cores with natural fibers, allowing the yarn to stretch freely while maintaining its power efficiency. The continuous production of these fabric muscles enables large-scale manufacturing, paving the way for practical applications in daily life.
Testing of the first clothing-type wearable robot, weighing under 4.5 pounds, has shown promising results. It has been found to reduce muscle effort by over 40% during repetitive tasks, and a shoulder-support version weighing 1.8 pounds has improved shoulder mobility in patients with muscle weakness by more than 57% during trials at Seoul National University Hospital.
This breakthrough has implications beyond industrial use, potentially aiding individuals with mobility challenges and offering support for daily activities. The lightweight actuator can support multiple joints simultaneously without restricting movement. The technology could eventually lead to everyday garments that assist with tasks like lifting groceries, reducing strain during long work shifts, and enhancing mobility for those in recovery.
As wearable robotics move from laboratory settings to mainstream application, this innovation highlights the growing potential of integrating advanced materials with clothing to create more intuitive and effective assistive devices. Engineers are closing the gap between machine power and human comfort, heralding a future where clothing becomes an active support system for both physical task performance and individual well-being.