More than a dozen private browsing apps on Apple and Google’s app stores have undisclosed ties to Chinese companies, leaving user data at risk of exposure to the Chinese government, according to a new report from the Tech Transparency Project. The report highlights that 13 virtual private network (VPN) apps on Apple’s App Store and 11 on Google’s Play Store are linked to Chinese entities. Chinese law requires companies to share data with the government upon request, which raises privacy and security concerns for American users. Several of the apps, including two on both app stores and two others on Google’s Play Store, have ties to Qihoo 360, a cybersecurity firm sanctioned by the U.S. government. The Tech Transparency Project previously identified over 20 such apps on Apple’s App Store, with three removed following pressure. As a result, the report underscores the potential risks for user data under Chinese legal requirements and highlights the need for greater transparency and regulation in app store security.